Why something rather than nothing.

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The Big Bang theory suggests that matter and antimatter should have been produced in equal quantities.Â Since collisions between matter and antimatter result in their mutual annihilation there should not be any ordinary matter, and its antimatter equivalent left in the universe.Â However, it is obvious this did not happen because no galaxies or intergalactic clouds of antimatter have yet been detected that have the ability to offset the observed quantity of matter in the universe.
This is the reason the question “why is there something rather than nothing?” one of the most perplexing in modern physics.

It is perplexing because the asymmetrical relationship between matter and antimatter is difficult to explain in terms of the geometric properties of a space-time universe.

Einstein defined mass in terms of a unidirectional curvature in the “surface” of a space-time manifold generated by a slowing or dilation of the time dimension and because rate or passage of time cannot increase beyond the value associated with zero velocity this curvature must always be in the same “concave” direction with respect to the “surface” of three-dimensional space.

Therefore in the space-time universe of Einstein one cannot define the asymmetries between matter and antimatter in terms of their geometric properties because according to it all matter including antimatter is created by a concave curvature in a space-time manifold.

Granted some have devised cleaver or “adhoc” mathematical solutions to this problem by postulating the existence of negative time or time that moves backwards however there is no experimental or observational evidence to support its existence.

Yet one can understand the asymmetry between matter and antimatter if one converts or transposes Einstein’s field equations that define mass in a space-time universe to one that would define it in terms four *spatial* dimensions.Â This is because observation of our environment tell us we can move in two directions in the spatial dimensions upwards or downward backward or forwards whereas they tell us we can only move in one direction in a space-time dimension, forwards.Â

In other words one could define the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in terms of oppositely directed displacements in four *spatial* dimensions.

Einstein made this possible when he defined the geometric properties of a space-time universe in terms of the balance between mass and energy defined by the equation E=mc^2 and the constant velocity of light because that provided a method of converting the displacement in space-time he associated with energy to its equivalent displacement in four *spatial* dimensions.Â Additionally because the velocity of light is constant he also defined a one to one quantitative correspondence between his space-time universe and one made up of four *spatial* dimensions.

In other words by defining the geometric properties of a space-time universe in terms of mass/energy and the constant velocity of light he provided a qualitative and quantitative means of redefining it in terms of the geometry of four *spatial* dimensions.

As mentioned earlier one of the theoretical advantages to this change in perspective is that observations tell us that one can move in two directions in a spatial environment upwards or downward and backwards or forwards whereas they tell us that movement can only more in one direction or forward in time. This would enable one to conceptually derive the asymmetrical relationship between matter and antimatter in terms of a bidirectional displacement in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

In the article “Defining energy“Â Nov. 27, 2007 it was shown the quantity of energy/mass in a system can be derived in terms of a displacement in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension and the magnitude of that displacement defines its quantity.

This displacement is analogous to the space-time curvature that Einstein postulated is responsible for the energy/mass content in a volume.

However, even though they are based on different geometries they make, as has and will be shown in “The Road to Unification” and its companion book “The Reality of the Fourth Spatial Dimension” identical predictions regarding the relativistic properties of space and time and the equivalence between gravitational and accelerated reference frames as Einstein’s’ theories.Â

As mentioned earlier this change in prospective from one of space-time to four *spatial* dimensions would allow one to derive the energy/mass associated with a particle in terms of a “depression” in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension while defining the energy/mass of its anti-particle in terms of a “elevation” in that “surface”.

However it also allows one derive asymmetry between matter and anti-matter in terms of oppositely directed displacements in a “surface” of a three- dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension while defining total energy in a matter / antimatter system in terms of the absolute magnitude of those displacements.

This means that one can understand why particle antiparticle annihilation occurs in terms of the “upward” directed displacement in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold associated with an antiparticle “filling in” the equal but oppositely directed “downward” displacement associated with a particle while defining the energy released when they do so in terms of the sum of the absolute value of their oppositely directed displacements.

However, this also provides an explanation of why there is more matter than antimatter in there universe

As was mentioned earlier, one can derive the energy/mass of a particle in terms of a “downward” directed displacement in that “surface” with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension while the energy/mass of an antiparticle in terms of an “upward” directed one in that same surface.

But this indicates on average it would require less energy to form a particle than an antiparticle for the same reason that it takes less energy to fill a bucket with water by pushing it down below the water’s surface than it does by lifting the water into a bucket that is above its surface because the one above it is at a higher gravitational potential.

Therefore, in the beginning there would have been a more particles created that their antiparticle counter parts because they require less energy to create.

In other words the reason why after all of the particle antiparticle annihilation has occurred some particles remain is because of an asymmetrical property associated with the energy component of four *spatial* dimensions or the space-time environment defined by Einstein.

This defines the reason in terms of the geometry of four *spatial* dimensions for the asymmetry between particles and antiparticles and why there should be more particles than antiparticles left over after the big bang.

It should be remember Einsteinâ€™s genius allows us to choose whether to define the energy of all systems in either a space-time environment or one consisting of four *spatial* dimension when he defined it and the geometry of space-time in terms of the constant velocity of light. This interchangeability broadens the environment encompassed by his theories by making them applicable to both the spatial as well as the time properties of our universe thereby giving us a new perspective on its causality.

Later Jeff

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