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1kTogether Quantum and Einstein’s theories have been two of the most successful theories in history of science. Their validity is based on their predictive powers. Einstein’s theories define the macroscopic universe of gravity in terms of the existence of a continuous space-time metric while quantum theories define the microscopic universe of energy/mass in terms of discontinuous particles. However, all attempts to unify these two theories by developing a quantum theory of gravity have been unsuccessful.
This may be because the equations of Quantum Mechanics that define the quantum mechanical properties of mass/energy indicate that it is discontinuous while the equations of Relativity that define gravity say that it is continuous. The problem with combining them is that no one has been able to mathematically define mechanism that is consistent with observations to explain how gravity can be caused by a quantized packet of energy with out having infinities appear.
This fact indicates that one of these two theories may be based on an incorrect assumption because the universe cannot be continuous and discontinuous at the same time. This is true despite the fact the each of these theories can very accurately predict observations about the regions of the universe they define.
Most physicists have justifiable spent most of their time attempting to integrate the observable quantum mechanical properties of energy/mass into unobservable the Relativistic concept develop by Albert Einstein because they feel that because quantum mechanics is experimental verifiable it provides a more solid foundation for unification of the laws of nature than the experimentally unverifiable concepts of Relativity.
For example one of the most persistent observations regarding time is that it is not directly perceived as matter or space but as an irreversible physical, chemical, and biological change in physical space.
This indicates a unit of time may only be a measurement of the sequential ordering of a physical, chemical, or biological change in space similar how a unit of length is a measure of the ordering of a position of an object in space. This is because similar to time, length is not directly perceived as matter or space but as measurement of where in relation to a previous event an object is located.
However, the “General Theory of Relativity” defines the casualty of gravity in terms of the physical effects time has on matter in three-dimensional environment. But the fact that we do not observe or perceive time in terms of the physical properties of matter and space brings into question how can in interact with them to produce gravitational force.
Therefore, the mathematical assumptions made by Relativity that time can interact with the spatial dimensions to generate gravity does not have a foundation in our observational experiences.
However, we can observe how each axis of three-dimensional space interacts and extrapolate it to a fourth *spatial* dimension.Â
For example the article “The Reality of the Fourth Spatial Dimension” will show that one can derive the properties of gravity in terms of a curvature in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension in a manner that make prediction identical to those of General Relativity.
However, it is based on extrapolating the observable physical properties of three-dimensional space to a fourth instead of the unobservable physical properties of a time dimension to derive its causality.
While the article “Why is energy/mass quantized?†Oct. 4, 2007 will show that one can derive the quantum mechanical properties of energy/mass by extrapolating the laws Classical wave mechanics in of a three-dimensional environment to a matter wave on a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
(Louis de Broglie was the first to theorized that all particles have a wave component. His theories were confirmed by the discovery of electron diffraction by crystals in 1927 by Davisson and Germer.)
Briefly it showed there four conditions required for resonance to occur in a classical Newtonian environment, an object, or substance with a natural frequency, a forcing function at the same frequency as the natural frequency, the lack of a damping frequency and the ability for the substance to oscillate spatial would be meet by a matter wave in four spatial dimensions.
The existence of four *spatial* dimensions would give three dimensional space the ability oscillate spatially with respect to it thereby fulfilling one of the requirements for classical resonance to occur.
These oscillations would be caused by an event such as the decay of a subatomic particle or the shifting of an electron in an atomic orbital. This would force the “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension to oscillate with the frequency associated with the energy of that event.
Therefore, these oscillations in space would meet the requirements mentioned above for the formation of a resonant system or “structure” in space.Â
Observations of a three-dimensional environment show the energy associated with resonant system can only take on the incremental or discreet values associated with a fundamental or a harmonic of the fundamental frequency of its environment.
Similarly the energy associated with resonant systems in four *spatial* dimensions could only take on the incremental or discreet values associated a fundamental or a harmonic of the fundamental frequency of its environment.
These resonant systems in four *spatial* dimensions are responsible for the incremental or discreet energy associated with quantum mechanical systems.
This suggest that one could unify gravity with the quantum mechanical properties of energy/mass if one assumes that space is composed of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space time because they can both be defined by extrapolating the observable properties of a three dimensional environment to a four *spatial* dimension.  Additionally it would eliminate the infinities that arise when one tries to do this in terms of four-dimensional space-time because the number of discrete quantized values of energy/mass are physically limited to finite values because of the resonant properties of four spatial dimensions.
In the upcoming weeks, months and years this blog will attempt to define Unification Theory based on extrapolating observable properties of three-dimensional space to a fourth *spatial* dimension instead of basing it on the unobservable property of a time or space-time dimension.
So please remember to stop by and visit for more insights into the true nature of gravity and quantum mechanical properties energy/mass..Â
Later Jeff
Copyright 2007 Jeffrey O’Callaghan
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Interesting post. I’m glad I found it. All the best, Marcelo