Einstein’s Explanation of the Unexplainable
In his formulation of electromagnetism Maxwell described light as a propagating electromagnetic wave created by the interaction of its electric and magnetic fields.
However, in Quantum mechanics electric and magnetic fields are NOT propagated by a wave but the particle called a photon.
Therefore, to fully define their observable properties in terms of space-time one must first show how and why they interact with it to create an electromagnetic wave and then explain its photonic or particle ones in terms of the quantum mechanical definition of a particle.
Einstein in his General Theory of Relativity defined the forces associated with gravity in terms of a geometric curvature in space-time whose line of action is static and perpendicular to one of the axes of three-dimensional space. Therefore one could connect the forces associated with electromagnetic wave to those of gravity if one could define both in terms of that geometry.
As was just mentioned gravity’s line of action is static and perpendicular to one of the axes of three-dimensional space. However, that does NOT mean the other two axis of three dimensional space cannot contribute to energy content of space.
IT CAN AND WILL BE SHOWN THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC COMPONENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ARE CAUSED BY FORCES WHICH ARE PERPENDICULAR TO THE LINE OF ACTION OF GRAVITY CAUSED BY THE PEAKS AND VALLEYS OF ITS WAVE MOTION
One can understand the mechanism responsible by using the analogy of how a wave on the two-dimensional surface of water causes a point on that surface to become displaced or rise above or below the equilibrium point that existed before the wave was present. The science of wave mechanics tells us a force would be developed by these displacements which will result in the elevated and depressed portions of the water moving towards or becoming “attracted” to each other and the surface of the water.
Similarly, an energy wave on the “surface” of the two spatial dimensions that are perpendicular to the axis of gravitational forces would cause a point on that “surface” to become displaced or rise above and below the equilibrium point that existed before the wave was present.
Therefore, classical wave mechanics, if extrapolated to the properties of two of the three spatial dimensions tells us a force will be developed by the differential displacements caused by an energy wave on it which will result in its elevated and depressed portions moving towards or become “attracted” to each other as the wave moves through space.
This defines the causality of the attractive electrical fields associated with an electromagnetic wave that Maxwell used to described light in terms of a force caused by the alternating displacements of a wave moving with respect to time on a “surface” of the two spatial dimensions that are perpendicular to the axis of gravitational forces
However, it also provides a classical mechanism for understanding why similar electrical fields of an electromagnetic wave repel each other. This is because observations of waves show there is a direct relationship between the magnitude of a displacement in its “surface” to the magnitude of the force resisting that displacement.
Similarly, the magnitude of a displacement in a “surface” of the two spatial dimensions that are perpendicular to line of action of gravitational forces by two similar electrical fields will be greater than that caused by a single one. Therefore, they will repel each other because the magnitude of the force resisting the displacement will be greater for them than it would be for a single one.
One can also derive the magnetic component of an electromagnetic wave in terms of the horizontal force developed along the axis that is perpendicular to the displacement caused by its peaks and troughs associated with the electric fields. This would be analogous to how the perpendicular displacement of a mountain generates a horizontal force on the surface of the earth, which pulls matter horizontally towards the apex of that displacement.
THIS ALSO EXPLAINS WHY THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FIELDS OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ARE IN PHASE OR MAXIMUM AT THE SAME TIME AND PLACE.
As was shown above the science of wave mechanics allows one to explain the how the electric and magnetic forces interact to form an electromagnetic wave by assuming it is moving through time on the two dimensional “surface” of space-time that is perpendicular to the line of action of gravitational forces.
THIS SHOWS THAT ONE CAN DERIVE BOTH THE FORCES ASSOCIATED WITH AND ELECTROMAGNET WAVE AND GRAVITY IN TERMS OF THE GEOMETRY OF SPACE-TIME.
However, to understand how and why an electromagnetic wave evolves into photon in a quantum environment one must connect its evolution to that environment.
One way of doing this is to use the fact that evolution of energy in both a quantum and space-time environment are in part defined by waves. For example, Relativity defines evolution in space-time in terms of the energy propagated by an electromagnetic wave while Quantum Mechanics defines it in terms of the mathematical evolution of the wave function. Additionally it define the existence of the particle properties of the wave function in terms of its interaction with an observer or its external environment.
This suggests the wave function that governs the evolution of a quantum environment may be a mathematical representation of an electromagnetic wave that defines evolution in space time. If true one should be able to derive the existence of the particle or photonic properties of an electromagnetic wave terms its interaction with space-time.
Again one can accomplish this by using the science of wave mechanics and the properties of space-time as define by Einstein.
For example, the science of wave mechanics along with the fact that Relatively tells us wave energy moves continuously through space-time unless it is prevented from doing so by it someone or something interacting with it. This would result in its energy being confined to three-dimensional space. The science of wave mechanics also tells us the three-dimensional “walls” of this confinement will result in its energy being reflected back on itself thereby creating a resonant or standing wave in three-dimensional space. This would cause its wave energy to be concentrated at the point in space were a particle would be found. Additionally, wave mechanics also tells us the energy of a resonant system, such as a standing wave can only take on the discrete or quantized values associated with its fundamental or a harmonic of its fundamental frequency. This defines how and why the field properties of an electromagnetic wave evolves in quantum environment to create a photon ONLY when observed or when someone or something interacting interacts with it.
Putting another way if an electromagnetic wave is prevented from moving through space-time either by being observed or encountering an object it is reduced or “Collapses” to a form a standing wave that would define the quantized energy quantum mechanics associates with a particle.
This shows one can define a common mechanism for he forces for electromagnetism, gravity and the properties of photons in terms of a common mechanism based on the geometry of space time as defined by Einstein.
Some have suggested the above explanation of Electromagnetism is incorrect because the physical orientation of its wave properties would become distorted or polarized as is passed through a gravitational field. Therefore, all light that passed through a gravitational lens would be polarized because the lateral acceleration of gravity was excluded. They feel the above explanation is falsified because this is not observed. However, because the shift in its orientation as it enters a gravitational lens would be opposite of what it would experience leaving it would cancel and therefore light traveling through one would NOT observe it to be polarized.