Faraday’s fields in four *spatial* dimensions

The concept of a field was developed when physicists learned that they could simplify the calculations of the forces involved in planetary motion by assuming or imagining the existence of a continuous gravitational field. They defined this field in such a way that if another planet were put at any point in that field the … Read more

The "reality" behind wave—particle duality

Is it possible to define the “reality” behind the quantum world in terms of the classical laws of physics. For example the paradoxical wave–particle behavior of energy/mass, one of the fundamental concepts defining Quantum mechanics defies the “reality” of a classical world because of its inability to describe/define how quantum-scale objects can simultaneously exist as … Read more

Quantum numbers: a classical interpretation

Quantum mechanics defines the spatial orientation of electrons in atoms only in terms of the probabilistic values associated with Schrödinger wave equation. In other words in a quantum system Schrödinger wave equation plays the role of Newtonian laws in that it predicts the future position or momentum of a electron in terms of a probability … Read more

Linking gravitational and electrical forces

Richard Feynman on pages 24 and 25 of his book “The Character of Physical Laws” describes how both gravitational and electrical forces are linked in terms of a common relationship with respect to the inverse square law. “The inverse square law appears again in the electrical laws, for instance, electricity also exerts forces inversely as … Read more

Solving the Measurement Problem

The measurement problem in quantum mechanics is the unresolved problem of how (or if) wavefunction collapse occurs.  The inability to observe this process directly has given rise to different interpretations of quantum mechanics, and poses a key set of questions that each interpretation must answer.  The wavefunction in quantum mechanics evolves according to the Schrödinger … Read more