Dark energy: the cosmological constant

We have shown throughout this blog and its companion book “The Reality of the Fourth *Spatial* Dimension” observations of our environment suggest the universe is composed of four *spatial* dimensions rather than four-dimensional space-time as is suggested by Einstein’s theories. The recent discovery of Dark Energy is one of those observations. As Alexey Vikhlinin of the … Read more

Quantum tunneling: a classical interpretation

We have shown throughout this blog and its companion book “The Reality of the Fourth *Spatial* Dimension” there are many theoretical advantages to defining our universe in terms of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time. One is that it would allow one understand quantum tunneling or how particles can tunnel or move through potential barriers … Read more

The Casimir effect

We have shown throughout this blog and its companion book “The Reality of the Fourth *Spatial* Dimension” that observations of our environment indicate that the universe is composed of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time and a vacuum contains a measurable quantity of continuous non-quantized field of mass/energy. One of these observations is called the … Read more