In 1998, cosmologists made a remarkable discovery. Up until then they assumed that the expansion of the universe was gradually slowing down, due to the gravitational tug that individual galaxies exerted on one another. However, in 1998 observations of supernovas indicated some mysterious force was acting against the pull of gravity, causing galaxies to fly … Read more
Time holds a unique place in science and the human consciousness. However, defining or describing what it is extremely difficult. Some define it only in the abstract saying that is an invention of the human consciousness that gives us a sense of order, a before and after so to speak. However many physicists define it … Read more
In 1933 Fritz Zwicky a Swiss astronomer, was trying to measure the mass of a galactic cluster (a group of several galaxies) using two different methods. He tried to infer this mass from the speed of the galaxies. Just like kids on a merry-go-round have to hold on to avoid being ejected, galaxies are held … Read more