Mass from first principles

Bohr summarized the complementary principal of quantum mechanics as follows: “However far the quantum physical phenomena transcend the scope of classical physical explanation, the account of all evidence must be expressed in classical terms. The argument is simply that by the word “experiment” we refer to a situation where we can tell others what we … Read more

Deriving the fundamental constants of nature

One of the most fundamental questions in physics and cosmology is why the physical constants are what they are. For example the fine structure constant is one of the about 22 empirical parameters in the Standard Model of particle physics, whose value is not determined within it. In other words their values are not determined … Read more

The geometry of antimatter

The existence of antimatter was predicted by Paul Dirac when he realized his relativistic quantum theory of an electron yielded up twice as many solutions as he thought he needed. Two of the solutions correspond to the spin-up and spin-down orientations of the electron. So what did the other two solutions correspond to?  He had … Read more

The quantum fallacy

Is it fact or fallacy that the quantum mechanical probabilities of the micro cosmos are incompatible with the determinism of the macro cosmos. Most scientist would agree the best way of accomplishing this would be to determine if one can be explained in terms of the other. For example can one explain why many proponents … Read more

The “reality” of the Higgs field

The Higgs Boson which was tentatively confirmed to exist on 14 March 2013 appears to confirm the existence of the Higgs field.  Its discovery is pivotal to the Standard Model and other theories within particle physics because it explains why some fundamental particles have mass when the symmetries controlling their interactions should require them to … Read more