Incorporating electromagnetism in General Relativity

Einstein was often quoted as saying “If a new theory was not based on a physical image simple enough for a child to understand, it was probably worthless.” For example in his General Theory of Relativity he derived gravity in terms of a curvature in the geometry of space and time. Additionally he showed us … Read more

Dark Matter as a field property of space-time

In 1933 Fritz Zwicky a Swiss astronomer, was trying to measure the mass of a galactic cluster using two different methods. First he tried to infer it from the rational speed of the galaxies around the center of the clusters.  Just like kids on a merry-go-round have to hold on to avoid being ejected, galaxies … Read more

Why the cosmological constant is what it is.

“Einstein once said, “What really interests me is whether God had any choice in the creation of the world. This is a fundamental question.  Compared to this question, all others seem trivial. Yes, God would have had many choices if He had wanted to create a barren universe. However, in order to create a universe … Read more

Fire or ice how will our universe end?

Before the discovery of Dark Energy cosmologists had two models of how the universe’s expansion would end. In first scenario, there would be enough matter in the universe to slow the expansion to the point it would come to a halt and gravitational forces would  cause it to begin contracting which eventually would result in … Read more

How Einstein may have explained Dark Energy

The following excerpt from NASA’s in its Astrophysics web site Dark Energy describes what we do and don’t know about Dark Energy. “More is unknown about it than is known. We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the Universe’s expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery. … Read more