What is the fabric of the cosmos?
Einstein told us that it is made up of a dynamic balance between the properties of space and time.
For example he told us that space is a sort of multidimensional fabric, where the presence of mass causes the fabric of space-time to curve. However he did not tell us anything about its composition. Granted he did tell us what occurs when mass is present however he said nothing about space without mass. In other words he simply told use how space reacts when mass is present.
However it is difficult to form a clear picture of how the physical properties of mass can interact with time because it is not perceived by most as matter or space but as an irreversible physical, chemical, and biological change in physical space. So it is difficult to understand how mass can change time in a space-time dimension because it by definition is change. In other words it does not make any sense to say that when mass is present in space it changes change.
Yet Einstein gave us the ability to solve this conundrum and develop more direct understand how and why the fabric of space is effected by mass when he used the equation E=mc^2 and the constant velocity of light to define the geometric properties of space-time. This is because that provided a method of converting a unit of time associated with energy in a space-time dimension to unit of space associated with mass in four *spatial* dimensions. Additionally because the velocity of light is constant he also defined a one to one quantitative correspondence between his space-time universe and one made up of four *spatial* dimensions.
One of the many theoretical advantages to doing this is that it allows one to define the fabric of space in terms of physical properties of mass because it tells us why it causes the fabric of space-time to curve. For example one can see how moving a mass from one point to another physically changes the space it occupies which agrees with as mentioned earlier with what most of us perceive time to be.
In other words it tells us that mass must be an integral part of fabric of space.
However Einstein’s theory defines mass only in terms of the continuous field properties of space-time which means if one is to accept his theory one must also assume that there is continuous field of mass throughout space. In other words it tells us that it is made up of that field.
This is true despite the fact that many believe that mass only exists in its particle or quantized form.
But observations tell a different story.
For example Louis de Broglie was the first to predict space is made up of the field properties of mass when he theorized that all particles have a wave component. His theories were confirmed by the discovery of electron diffraction by crystals in 1927 by Davisson and Germer.
In other words the space we associate with the particles must be composed of the field properties of mass because that is the only thing that could be responsible for the wave component of particles. However this means the space the wave is moving through also must be made up of it to.
If this is true why then do we only observe its particle properties?
One can understand why by extrapolating the laws of governing resonance in a three-dimensional environment, as was done in the article “Why is energy/mass quantized?†Oct. 4, 2007 to the field properties of the wave Davisson and Germer to a fourth *spatial* dimension instead of four dimensional space-time.
Briefly it showed the four conditions required for resonance to occur in a classical environment, an object, or substance with a natural frequency, a forcing function at the same frequency as the natural frequency, the lack of a damping frequency and the ability for the substance to oscillate spatial would occur in one consisting of four spatial dimensions.
The existence of four *spatial* dimensions would give the continuous field properties of mass the ability to oscillate spatially on a “surface” between a third and fourth *spatial* dimensions thereby fulfilling one of the requirements for classical resonance to occur.
These oscillations would be caused by an event such as the decay of a subatomic particle or the shifting of an electron in an atomic orbital. This would force the “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold to oscillate spatially with the frequency associated with the energy of that event.
The oscillations caused by such an event would serve as forcing function allowing a resonant system or “structure” to be established space.
Therefore, these oscillations in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold would meet the requirements mentioned above for the formation of a resonant system or “structure” in four-dimensional space if one extrapolated them to that environment.
Classical mechanics tells us the energy of a resonant system can only take on the discrete or quantized values associated with its fundamental or a harmonic of its fundamental frequency.
Hence, these resonant systems in the field properties of space would be responsible for it particles properties.
Yet one can also define its boundary conditions in terms of the classical laws space and time.
For example in classical physics, a point on the two-dimensional surface of paper is confined to that surface. However, that surface can oscillate up or down with respect to three-dimensional space.
Similarly an object occupying a volume of three-dimensional space would be confined to it however, it could, similar to the surface of the paper oscillate “up†or “down†with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
The confinement of the “upward†and “downward†oscillations of the field properties of mass with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension is what defines the spatial boundaries associated with a particle in the article “Why is energy/mass quantized?“
However there are at least two reasons why we are unable to directly observe the field properties of mass. The first is because all observations require an exchange of energy between what is being observed and the observer. However the most effective and efficient way for nature to transfer information to our instruments is, as was shown in the article “Why is energy/mass quantized?“ in a resonate system made up of the field properties of mass. Therefore in all measurements the particle properties associated with its resonant system will always be predominant over its field ones.
The second is that to directly measure a quantity there must be a physical difference between what is being measured and what is doing the measuring. For example one cannot measure the changing level of water in a ship lock from a ship in it by measure how high it is above the surface of the water ship is floating in because it is changing at the same rate.
Similarly one cannot measure the field properties of the mass component of space because the field properties in the measuring instrument are changing at the same rate.
However we can indirectly measure how the field properties of mass interact with particles as was shown by in 1927 by Davisson and Germer observation of electron diffraction by crystals
This shows that the fabric or our cosmos is made continuous field of mass.
Unfortunately for those who believe that all mass must be contained in particles the logic for that conclusion is based purely on observations and the validly of Einstein theories. Therefore to deny the existence of a continuous field of mass and the fact that it is the fabric of the cosmos one would have to deny the validity of Einstein theories.
It should be remember Einstein’s genius allows us to choose to define all environments in either space-time or one consisting of four *spatial* dimension when he defined their geometry in terms of the constant velocity of light. This interchangeability broadens the environment encompassed by his theories by making them applicable to both the quantum and field properties of space thereby giving us a new perspective on their interactions.
Later Jeff
Copy right Jeffrey O’Callaghan 2012