We have shown throughout this blog and its companion book “The Reality of the Fourth *Spatial* Dimension” there would be many theoretical advantages to defining space in terms of the existence of a continuous non-quantized field of energy/mass and four *spatial* dimensions instead of four dimensional space time.
One of them is that it would allow one to define the properties of a Quantum field by extrapolating the classical laws of a three-dimensional environment to fourth *spatial* dimension.
For the past 75 years physicist have used two radial different ways of defining the forces we observe in nature.Â
The first, the concept of a field, was developed when physicists learned that they could simplify the calculations of the forces involved in planetary motion by assuming or imagining the existence of a continuous gravitational field. They defined this field in such a way that if another planet were put at any point in that field the resulting force between any other planet would be exactly the Newtonian one. This simplified the calculations of planetary motion because it allowed them to isolate and analyze the forces of one planet on another instead of trying to analyze the forces exerted on a planet by the others at the same time.
Originally, many thought this was just a trick to simplify calculations.
But Michael Faraday, while researching electromagnetism discovered that a continuous field has real physical properties and therefore was able to convince others that is was more the just a calculating device.
The second involves the Quantum Field Theory assumption that forces are a result of a distribution of discrete particles and the strength of a force can be measured by the density or quantity of particles in any given point in space.Â
However, these two definitions are mutually incompatible in that a continuous field cannot be made up of discreet or discontinuous particles. Â
Nevertheless, Einstein may have given us a clue as to how to resolve this contradiction in the address “Aether and the theory of Relativity” he delivered on May 5th 1920 at the University of Leyden Germany where he indicated that The General Theory of Relativity predicts, “space is endowed with physical qualities”.
“Recapitulating, we may say that according to the General Theory of Relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an Aether. According to the General Theory of Relativity space without Aether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this Aether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts, which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may not be applied to it.”
Einstein’s statement that light or electromagnetism could not be propagated unless space is endowed with “physical qualities” which do not consist “of parts, which may be tracked through time†suggests that space may be composed of a continuous field of energy/mass which because it is continuous would not consist of parts that could be tracked through time. In other words, Einstein believed the propagation of light requires the existence of a continuous non-quantized field of energy/mass.
However, as mentioned earlier one can by extrapolating the classical laws of a three-dimensional environment to fourth *spatial* dimension understand how a field made up of a continuous non-quantized field of energy/mass can have the discontinuous properties associated with a quantum field.
The article “Why is energy/mass quantized?“Â Oct. 4, 2007 showed one can, by extrapolating the properties of a three-dimensional space to a fourth derive the quantum mechanical properties of a field in terms of the discrete energies associated with a resonant “system” generated by an electromagnetic wave in a continuous non-quantized field of energy/mass on a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold
Briefly it showed the four conditions required for resonance to occur in a three-dimensional environment, an object, or substance with a natural frequency, a forcing function at the same frequency as the natural frequency, the lack of a damping frequency and the ability for the substance to oscillate spatial would occur in one made up of four.
The existence of four *spatial* dimensions would give an electromagnetic wave the ability to oscillate spatially on a “surface” between a third and fourth *spatial* dimensions thereby fulfilling one of the requirements for classical resonance to occur.
These oscillations would be caused by an event such as the decay of a subatomic particle or the shifting of an electron in an atomic orbital. This force would generate a matter wave in continuous non-quantized field of energy/mass with the frequency associated with the energy of that event.
However, the oscillations caused by such an event would serve as forcing function allowing a resonant system or “structure” to be established in a continuous field of energy/mass.Â
The classical laws of three-dimensional space tell us the energy of these resonant systems could only take on the discontinuous or discreet energies associated with their fundamental or harmonic of their fundamental frequency.
The discontinues properties that would be associated with resonant systems in a continuous non-quantized field of mass/energy are responsible for the quantum mechanical properties of a field.
However, this means the Quantum Field Theory assumption that a field is made up of discontinuous field particles is not inconsistent with its continuous properties observed by Faraday if one applies the concepts of classical resonance to a continuous field properties of energy/mass in four *spatial* dimensions.
This cannot be done in terms of four-dimensional space-time because time is only observed to move in one direction forwards and therefore could not provide the bidirectional movement required for classical resonance to occur.
Later Jeff
Copyright Jeffrey O’Callaghan 2010